1. 治療師徒手評估
雖然是最方便、成本最低的評估方式，但有難以克服、常被質疑的部分（１）施測起始位置、加速度、快慢、終止位置常因人而異（2）治療師習慣之手法與力道難以精準控制與傳承
l Tardieu
Scale (1954) 標題/摘要162次
G. Tardieu G, S. Shentoub & R. Delarue A la recherche d’une technique de measure de la spasticite. Rev
Neurol (Paris) (1954) 91, 143-144
l Ashworth
scale (1964) 標題/摘要324次
B. Ashworth Preliminary trial of
carisoprodol in multiple sclerosis. Practitioner (1964) 192, 540–542
l Modified
Ashworth Scale (MAS) (1987) 標題/摘要1218次
R.W. Bohannon, M.B. Smith Interrater
reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. Phys
Ther (1987) 67, 206–207
l NINDS
Myotatic Reflex Scale (1993) 標題/摘要3次
M. Hallett NINDS Myotatic
Reflex Scale. Neurology (1993) 43(12),
2723
l Clonus
Score (1996) 標題/摘要11次
J.S. Worley, N. Harmon, G.J. Miller, S.B. Hollis, S.Harlow
& V. Briggs Clinical Assessment
of Spasticity in Spinal Cord Injury: A Multidimensional Problem . Am J Occup Ther (1996)
50(7), 554-560
l Modified
Tardieu Scale (MTS) (1999) 標題/摘要94次
R.N. Boyd & H.K. Graham Objective measurement of clinical findings in the use of botulinum
toxin type A for the management of children with cerebral palsy. Eur J Neurol (1999)
6, S23-S35
l Modified
Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS) (2006) 標題/摘要34次
N.N. Ansari, S. Naghdi, H. Moammeri & S. Jalaie Ashworth Scales are unreliable for the assessment of muscle
spasticity. Physiother Theory
Pract (2006) 22, 119-125
l Multi-item
scales
i. 3-item hypertonus measure (1996)
J.S. Worley, N. Harmon & G.J. Miller Reliability of potential clinical measures of muscle tone in the
elbows of patients after stroke. Am
J Occup Ther (1996) 50, 554-560
ii. Tone Assessment Scale (TAS)
(1999) 標題/摘要4次
S. Barnes, J. Gregson, M. Leathley, T. Smith, A. Sharma
& C. Watkins Development and Inter-rater
Reliability of an Assessment Tool for Measuring Muscle Tone in People with
Hemiplegia after a Stroke. Physiotherapy (1999)
85(8), 405-409
iii. Visual Analog Scales (VAS) for
Tone (patient) (2000) 標題/摘要6次
V. M. Pomeroy, D. Dean & L. Sykes The unreliability of clinical measures of muscle tone: implications
for stroke therapy. Age Ageing
(2000) 29,
229-233
iv. Ankle plantar-flexors tone
scale (APTS) (2009) 標題/摘要1次
N. Takeuchi, T. Kuwabara & S. Usuda Development and evaluation of a
new measure for muscle tone
of ankle plantar flexors: the ankle plantar flexors tone scale. Arch
Phys Med Rehabil (2009) 90, 2054-2061
l Australian
Spasticity Assessment Scale (ASAS) (2016) 標題/摘要3次
S. Love, N. Gibson, N. Smith, N. Bear & E. Blair Interobserver reliability of the Australian Spasticity Assessment
Scale (ASAS). Developmental
Medicine & Child Neurology (2016) 58 (Suppl. 2), 18–24
2. 患者自評式問卷
l Penn
Spasm Frequency Scale (1989) 標題/摘要32次
R.D. Penn, S.M. Savoy, D. Corcos, M. Latash, G. Gottlieb,
B. Parke & J.S. Kroin Intrathecal baclofen
for severe spinal spasticity. N
Engl J Med (1989) 320 (23), 1517-1521
l Spasm
frequency score (1990) 標題/摘要10次
B.J. Snow, J.K.C. Tsui, M.H. Bhatt, M. Varelas, S.A. Hashimoto
& D.B. Calne Treatment of spasticity
with botulinum toxin: a double blind study. Ann Neurol (1990) 28, 512-515
l Spasm
severity scale (1996) 標題/摘要2次
M.M. Priebe, A.M. Sherwood, J.I. Thornby, N.F. Kharas
& J. Markowski Clinical assessment
of spasticity in spinal cord injury: a multidimensional problem. Arch Phys Med Rehabil (1996) 77(7),
713-716
l Visual
Analog Scales (VAS) for Tone (clinical rater) (2000) 標題/摘要6次
V. M. Pomeroy, D. Dean & L. Sykes The unreliability of clinical measures of muscle tone: implications
for stroke therapy. Age Ageing
(2000) 29,
229-233
3. 生物力學儀器
l Resistance to Passive Movement (RTPM)
l NeuroFlexorTM
4. 鐘擺活動測試
l Pendulum test (Wartenburg Test)
5. 電生理評估
l Tonic Stretch Reflex Threshold (TSRT)
l Maximal Voluntary Contraction (MVC)
參考文獻
Spasticity Measurement
B.P. Balci
Noro Psikiyatr Ars. (2018) 55(Suppl 1), S49-S53
A historical
review of the evolution of the Tardieu Scale
S.L. Morris & G. Williams
Brain Injury (2018) 32(5), 665-669
Assessment of
spasticity after stroke using clinical measures: a systematic review
S.M. Aloraini, J. Gäverth, E. Yeung & M. MacKay-Lyons
Disability and Rehabilitation (2015) 37(25) 2313-2323
Clinical
Assessment of Hand Motor Performance After Acquired Brain Injury With Dynamic
Computerized Hand Dynamometry: Construct, Concurrent, and Predictive Validity
H.L. Barden, M.T. Nott, R. Heard, C. Chapparo & I.J.
Baguley
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (2012) 93(12) 2257-2263
Spasticity-assessment:
a review
F. Biering-Sørensen, J.B. Nielsen & K. Klinge
Spinal Cord (2006) 44, 708-722
Neurophysiological
methods for the assessment of spasticity: The Hoffmann reflex, the tendon
reflex, and the stretch reflex
G.E. VOERMAN,
M. GREGORIC & H.J. HERMENS
Disability and Rehabilitation (2005) 27(1/2), 33-68
Biomechanical
approaches applied to the lower and upper limb for the measurement of
spasticity: A systematic review of the literature
D.E. WOOD, J.H.
BURRIDGE, F.M. VAN WIJCK, C. MCFADDEN, R.A. HITCHCOCK, A.D. PANDYAN, A. HAUGH, J.J.
SALAZAR-TORRES & I.D. SWAIN
Disability and Rehabilitation (2005) 27(1/2), 19-32
Clinical
scales for the assessment of spasticity, associated phenomena, and function: a
systematic review of the literature
T. PLATZ, C.
EICKHOF, G. NUYENS & P. VUADENS
Disability and
Rehabilitation (2005) 27(1/2), 7-18
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